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Learning Outcomes
Technology Literacy
Citizenship
Critical Thinking
Carrer Preparation
Collaboration
Written Communication
Oral Communication
Curricular Literacy

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Written Communication

 

 

Strong written communication skills are very important in many aspects of life. You must be able to read and write effectively. Effective writing means that you can organize information, clearly present your ideas, write with your audience in mind and use correct grammar and spelling. These examples demonstrate such skills.

Montesquiei: Man-Good or Evil?
This Could Never Happen in the USA...Right?

Writing Sample 1: One of the most interesting units in Political Studies was the Nature of Man project. We looked at several influential philosophers and their interpretations of the nature of man. A lot for the content from the project was extended to other projects and related to modern day politics. I found myself mentioning the content I learned in this assignment in pany of my politcaly oriented essays.

Montesquieu: Man-Good or Evil?

It is a question that has been asked by philosophers, founding fathers of nations, and Ms. Matzke's senior high school students for years-is mankind, by nature, good, evil, or neutral?
I prefer to believe the idealism that man is born inert by nature, for the most part. When people are born they do posses some personality traits that lead them down a certain path, however, they are mainly influenced by their environment and upbringing. A good example is the movie Trading Places. Two rich men own a stock brokerage company. They decide to temporarily replace a high official in their company with a homeless degenerate from off the streets in order to settle a bet they made between each other-nature versus nurture; will this bum off the streets take advantage of his new position in the company, or will he rise to the occasion, become educated, and try his hardest? He ended up being one of their most potential employees before they called the bet off and sent him back to the streets.


Montesquieu was born in the mid 1700's as Baron de Montesquieu in France and became a nobleman, a French judge. Montesquieu is known as a famous French philosopher; he was a very influential political thinker. Montesquieu's most well-known and famous work is The Spirit of the Laws, written in 1748, in which he presents most of his political theories. In fact, it is said that The Spirit of the Laws had a major influence on the writing of the Constitution of the United States. (World Book Encyclopedia.)


Montesquieu believed that laws underlie all things-"human, natural, and divine." One of philosophy's major tasks was to discover these laws. It was difficult to study humanity because the "laws" that govern humanity had never yet been studied on such a detailed level; and it is complex! Montesquieu believed these laws could be found with empircall-experimental-methods of investigation. It was believed that knowledge of these laws would ease the problems of society and improve everyday life.


Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws states a lot about how humans behave around others, interact, and think. Montesquieu states that there are to be three basic types of government-monarchal, republican, and despotic. A monarchical government had limited power placed in a king or queen. A republican government was either an aristocracy or a democracy. In an aristocracy, only a few people have power. In a democracy, all, or most people have it. In a despotic government is controlled by a tyrant-someone with absolute power.


Montesquieu considers the laws of the state as the source of all the rights the people have. Also, the state is the source of private ownership. Montesquieu believed that legal systems should vary according to the basic type of government. For a democracy every government there are three sorts of power-the legislative, the executive, and a judiciary branch. Montesquieu believed that men were born equal in a state of nature, but could not remain so, since society would most likely destroy equality, and only laws can restore it.

Montesquieu's writings and actions can only lead us to believe one thing: man inherently does bad things, is self-centered, and can't be solely trusted. Because of this, man must be monitored and controlled.

 

Writing Sample 2: This essay discusses Orwellian tactics by talking to my family and friends. After reading the book 1984, we had to discuss certain topics covered in the book. They mainly included ways the government controls people. I conducted additional research and wrote a three page essay on whether I felt these tactics have been used, or are being used, in the United States. I provided examples to support my claims and explained whether I felt these tactics are a good or bad thing. This essay really made me think of how the government treats people. I find myself thinking about what I learned in this assignment quite often.

This Could Never Happen in the USA…Right?

What exactly are Orwellian tactics? Orwellian tactics are methods and ideologies
displayed by George Orwell that are used to control people. They are most prominently
displayed in his book 1984. In 1984 the government, known as the Party, control
peoples lives down to every minor detail. The party even manages to control
what people think. By controlling their thoughts, feelings, actions, and memories,
the Party was able to turn the entire population of Oceania into its puppet.

Governments all over the world are utilizing Orwellian tactics. This could never
happen in the USA, right? To a lesser degree and to many people's disbelief,
it is happening.

ECHELON is the National Security Networks worldwide surveillance network and
associated equipment-software, hardware, fibre optic networks, satellites, etc.
ECHELON is slowly becoming a more common term. Using mainly publicly available
material, you can uncover ECHELON's success at massive domestic spying via the
NSA. ECHELON is an unbelievably huge worldwide spying apparatus. This also including
the domestic phone calls of many countries. United States citizens' phone calls
are being monitored in such a fashion that not even George Orwell himself could
have imagined. Of course, this was all paid for by U.S. taxpayers-built in secret.
(Echelon Watch)

A New York Times article written in 1982 breaks the story of the NSA and ECHELON
teaming up to effectively spy on unknowing Americans. The article informs that
the NSA uses a huge number of computers to listen for "key words"
on "watch lists" for all border crossing traffic, including voice
conversations. That means in 1975 they could convert voice to text, then do
keyword searches against it. It's 2001 now.

In fact, a law was even passed that allows for this style of behavior. CALEA,
a 1994 law ("Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act") is
to force a massive reworking of the U.S. telephone infrastructure so that the
government can essentially wiretap it. Also called the FBI Digital Telephony
Act. It is an ultra-domestic extension of ECHELON. (Echelon Resources)

In George Orwells 1984, the telescreen was used to spy on people 24-hours a
day. The telescreen knew what you were thinking, how you were feeling, what
you were doing, and could even communicate back to you. The telescreen played
a major role in Orwellian tactics being carried out in Oceania in 1984. Just
as the telescreen watched Winston in his own home, ECHELON reads your email,
listens to your phone calls, and knows whether you've been naughty or nice.

ECHELON is only one organization that invades individual's privacy and employs
Orwellian tactics. Just as in other countries, especially those who are run
by a dictatorship, the United States government uses propagandist techniques
to promote its views. In 1984, Winston's window had a clear view of a banner
that read: "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength."
How many times have you sung along with a crowd of people the Pledge of Allegiance?
Quite a few if you progressed through primary and secondary public education.
" We did it everyday-twice a day sometimes-usually in the morning then
sometime after lunch," my father told me when I asked him about the Pledge
of Allegiance status when he was a kid. Students as young as 1st graders are
chanting the Pledge of Allegiance at least once a day, all over the United States.
(Echelon Resources)

How much have you thought about what exactly is behind the Pledge of Allegiance
craze? Probably not much; think about it with me. Think about it literally.
You are promising, guaranteeing, giving your word that you will show and demonstrate
allegiance to the United States. The fact that any 3rd grader knows the Pledge
of Allegiance, itself, shows that the United States government employs propaganda.

My father, being a person who likes to talk a lot and share his opinions with
people, took the liberty to explain to me the entire 13-days Cuban missile crisis.
"Everything seemed normal in the media at the time. Really it wasn't until
weeks after that all the details came out. They played it off real well,"
my father explained to me about the Cuban missile crisis temporary cover-up.
During the Cuban Missile crisis, the Kennedy administration put a happy facade
on what was happening in the White House. Very few people knew that the United
States was only moments away from global thermonuclear obliteration.

In an informal interview with Dr. Doug Roberts from New Technology High School,
I heard a rather interesting idea. "Since I've read 1984-before the year
1984-Orwellian stuff has just become more easy to do," Dr. Roberts expressed
to me. He says that technology has given the government an avenue to snoop.
"Every mouse click can be monitored. It's funny-I jog now, a few days a
week, and I used to see flickering TVs in the morning. Now I see people closer
to the screen and with keyboards in front of them." Dr. Roberts expressed
his feelings towards governments using Orwellian tactics in a rather neutral
manor. He said that as long as he is happy and doesn't "feel personal invaded
then [he] is fine with it."

I personally think that Orwellian tactics are things that governments and civilizations
have been doing for centuries to control people and spread the ideals of the
majority. Generally, in the United States, Orwellian tactics are for the better
of the people, the advancement of the majority. I don't like the feeling that
I have to take extraneous measures to make sure that my email isn't read by
the government or that satellites in space can spy on my in my underwear at
night. However, I feel that for the most part, it is controlled and regulated
enough. Also I feel that in the United States we are fortunate to even be aware
of Orwellian tactics being used on the people. The personal implications of
such measures under weight the benefits.